Hydrothermal carbonization alson wtitten as HTC is an environmentally friendly method which converts raw biomass into a high yield percentage and higher quality hydrochar. Pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction are mostly used to increase bio-oil yield. Hydrothermal gasification is preferred for maximum gaseous product. Slow pyrolysis can produce solid fuel, but the yield percentage will be lower than that of the HTC. The temperature of HTC is also lower than that of gasification, pyrolysis and flash carbonization. Besides, water acts as a solvent in HTC thus, pre-drying of biomass is not required as it is needed for pyrolysis (Kang et al., 2012). HTC can handle both wet and dry biomass types, therefore saving the energy, cost, and time that are needed for dry biomass. It is an environmentally friendly process than pyrolysis because of the fewer emission of volatile matter (Cakan, 2008; Titirici et al., 2008; Titirici, Thomas, & Antonietti, 2007; Titirici, Thomas, Yu, et al., 2007).
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